it was in portsmouth, virginia. this is where individuals would have been chained in public to have their backs struck with some kind of a leather strap as a public punishment for whatever crime their owners had deemed they were guilty of. and virginia, while it was not necessarily a place that had the highest population of enslaved laborers in the nation, it was the hub for the domestic slave trade. so richmond, for example, was home to numerous auction houses in which a person who was hoping to buy enslaved laborers would actually come to richmond with a specific purpose in mind of buying these people to then take back to their respective plantations. so the artifacts that we have in this section focus on that industry. richmond actually profited very much in the mid 1800s from the domestic slave trade. we have a cain here that was owned by a slave auctioneer. this is a person that would have run the auction. the collar would have been worn by an enslaved virginian. these pieces highlight the inhumanity of an inst

capital is astate symbol of not only virginia, but of virginia, people who have served in public service and of virginia and principles that have gone on to inform american principles of self-government. walk into this building every january and you feel the public halls beating within, with its newer legislative wings and its brand-new underground extension that welcomes visitors to the capital. itself, on one level, is a pretty good fine arts museum, with a sizable collection of paintings and of sculptures. it is also a really convincing civic classroom. we get about 118,000 visitors each year coming to see the capital building. they are coming to see it for all kinds of reasons. some of them want to visit a recognized historical attraction. some of them are coming here forces -- civics education. some are coming to participate in the process of self-government. all of them, i hope, will gain an appreciation for a time-tested workplace for enduring american principles, many of them having been engineered here in virginia going all of the way back to the beginnings of our general assemb

that is what the people of virginia want from us. last year, i promised i would govern to get things done. i said that my goal would always be to do what was best for the people of virginia. i promised i would work with anyone to make our commonwealth work better for all virginians. i believe there is no better place in this great country of ours to live, work, and raise a family, then virginia. let's renew that commitment to working together, to build a commonwealth, where every person, particularly every child has the same shot at a healthy, safe, and successful life. i am here tonight to tell you that the state of the commonwealth is strong. we are poised to make it even stronger. since i took office, we have announced more than 41,000 new jobs, with more than $8 billion in new capital investment. that means 41,000 more virginians who can pay rent, or mortgages, buy groceries, and school supplies, and put paychecks to work in local businesses. these new jobs represent people who can live in their home towns, instead of leaving for

we know a proximally 40,000 west virginia spot in the conflict. recent scholarship has updated those numbers to indicate those who fought for the confederacy. we now approximately 20,000 west virginia and troops fought for the union and approximately 20,000 fought for the confederacy. we weren't equally divided state, -- we were and equally divided state, perhaps the most divided state in the union. this is one of those commemorative flags made shortly after the war's conclusion. you can see it is in pristine condition. also, you can read our state motto -- mountaineers are always free. we do have one captured confederate flag from the battle of lynchburg. this is the confederate national flag. it is known as the stars and bars. a lot of folks come here expecting to see the crossed flag the confederate battle flag. this is the national flag of the confederacy. and again, all our flags are in climate controlled cases

governor northam was educated at the virginia military institute and eastern virginia medical center and served in the united states army, so thank you for your service. governor northam is committed to building a virginia that works better for everyone, no matter where they live. please join me in welcoming governor ralph northam. [ applause ] >> good morning. i looked at the schedule for you all, you all are getting up early in the morning, i am impressed with that. as a child neurologist, we like to get up and make our rounds early, so this is a good time of day. it is good seeing some friendly faces from virginia. i know you all are from all over the country and perhaps the world, so welcome to washington and if you get a chance, come on across the potomac river. it is not that far away. matt, thank you for your kind introduction and for the opportunity to be here and just to say a few words and maybe let you know where we are with medicaid expansion in virginia and how we got there. the first question though that i want to address and i am often asked is why would a pediatric ne

they are victories for virginia. we an cleebd them by working together and doing what takes to build a new virginia economy from the bottom up. and if you look at the numbers, it's clear we are making substantial progress. when i took office, virginia's unemployment rate was 5.4%. over the course of this administration, it fell to as low as 3.7% which represented the steepest decline in any governor's term in 32 years. claps /* /- today as more and more vanyians responds to our strengthening economy by returning to the workforce is higher and now the second lowest rate of any major state in america. in total, virginia has created 167,100 new jobs in the last three years. these are important indicators that our efforts are working and that our trajectory is indisp e indisputably upward. but we should also remember that these numbers actually represent real people with real stories. i would like to take a moment to tell you about a few people who have benefitted from actions that we have taken working together. one of

west virginia needs help. i think it ought to be on the desk of the next president of the united states. mr. ames: thank you, senator kennedy. now, gentlemen, we have concluded the formal portion of the program. and we come to the portion which will be questions and answers. i will remind you again the questions have all been sent to "the charleston gazette" by its readers and that they have been screened by the editorial board of "the gazette" to avoid repetition and select the best of the hundreds that were received. now, the ground rules regarding the answers of questions are as follows -- questions will be asked of you alternately and you have two minutes in which to give your answer. at the end of the two minutes, the buzzer with which you have now become familiar will sound as it has before, and you will stop and i must ask your cooperation in observing that. the candidate to whom the question was not directed -- some have been directed to both -- but the candidate to whom the question was not directed w

the virginia state capitol is a symbol of not only virginia, but of virginia people that served in public service and virginia principals that have gone on to inform american principles of self-government. you walk into this building every january and you feel the public puzzle pulse beating inss historic landmark and brand new underground extension that welcomes visitors to the capitol. the capitol itself is on one level a pretty good fine arts museum, with a sizable collection of paintings and of sculpture. it is also really convincing civic classroom. we get about 118,000 visitors each year coming to see the capitol building. they're coming to see it for all kinds of reasons. some of them want to visit a recognized historical attraction. some are coming here for civics education. some of them are coming here to participate in the process of self government. and all of them, i hope, will gain an appreciation for a time-tested workplace for enduring american principles. many of those principles having been engineered in virginia, going all the way back to the beginnings of our general as

this new government over virginia will then create the new state of west virginia. our nation was in the midst of a terrible civil war. those in eastern virginia, predominantly, were supportive of the confederacy. so, when virginia takes her vote for secession, the last vote on april 17, 1861, the majority of of the virginia delegates will vote to secede from the united states and to join the southern confederacy. those voters from northwestern virginia, who were overwhelmingly against secession, they would come back to this side of the mountains in west virginia. they would have mass meetings, public meetings, to decide what northwestern virginia would do and they decided they needed to have a place for a more formal convention and wheeling would be the place rest to have that convention. it would be safe, given that it is this wedge of land between the great and powerful union states of ohio and pennsylvania. there were safety there. it was a place for them to meet, to formulate a plan, and to embark upon one of the most incredible experiments in our american hist

>> welcome to the virginia museum of history and culture in richmond, virginia. and welcome to our latest special exhibition that is entitled determine, the 400 year struggle for black equality. it is part of the statewide commemoration. it is called american evolution 2019. and the determined exhibition is a legacy project of the statewide commemoration. and in particular, determined commemorates the 1619 arrival of the africans in virginia. it looks at the ensuing 400 years and traces the legacy of slavery. it is the struggle for equality. it is fought for equality and that means freedom from enslavement and oppression. whether that means fighting for equal justice and equal access for opportunities. it is for the consideration of humanity. it uses the unifying thread of a fight for equality. the title determinesd, the phrases meant to embody the strength, resilience, and determination of black people that face various forms of oppression and discrimination throughout our history. the word determined also evokes notions of predetermination and the sense that yo

the virginia state capitol is a symbol not only of virginia but virginia people who served in public service and virginia principles that have gone on to inform american principles of self-government. and you walk into this building every january and you feel the public pulse beating inside this old historic landmark with its newer legislative wings and the brand-new underground extension that welcomes visitors to the capitol itself. the capital itself is on one level, a pretty good fine arts museum with a sizable collection of paintings and sculpture. it is also a really convincing civics classroom. we get about 118,000 visitors each year coming to see the

the good of the people of the commonwealth of virginia. we have had our disagreements but even at difficult moments i have never lost sight of the tremendous honor it is to work with you and the incredible dedication and professionalism you bring to the task of representing your constituents. so i want to say thank you to all of you as well for your looedership, your dedication and the many ways with which you helped make this administration a success. thank you. [ applause ] >> four years ago at my inauguration i promised you when this day came the next governor would inherit a virginia that has created more economic opportunity and grown our 21st century businesses. i promised to transform pre-k and k-12, work force development and higher education to prepare our students for a new economy. i promise to maintain our reputation for strong fiscal management. i promise to make virginia it greatest place in the world for our veterans and their families to call homes. i promise to make virginia a leader in the clean energy economy to do our p

this includes places beyond virginia, maryland, north carolina, west virginia. along the northern neck, the eastern shore, over the peninsula and richmond, and farmville, and lynchburg, throughout the shenandoah valley. the process begun here at appomattox of disbanding and paroling these armies continued. some decided it was in their best interest to turn themselves into union provost marshals and the region. others found themselves essentially hunted down by the u.s. calvary, and felt they had no choice but to turn themselves in. regardless of confederate reasons in seeking and accepting pearls, their ability to do so reflected the inclusiveness, the flexibility, and the generosity of grant terms. more importantly, this often overlooked story is crucial to understanding how the war ended. it does not always fit neatly into our story of appomattox as a definitive moment of peace. of course, we all know that not only is johnson's army in the field, but there are other armies in the field. appomattox really is, read any popular book about the war. appomattox is a

the seventh west virginia suffered highly because of it. the seventh west virginia flag and also that of our first cavalry -- both of these flags happen to be at the mavericks courthouse the day the robert e. lee would surrender his army and the war would effectively be coming to an end. both of our flags were there that day. we know that approximately 40,000 west virginia is fought in the conflict or a recent scholarship updated those numbers, particularly for those who fought for the confederacy. we now know that approximately 20,000 west virginia troops fought for the union, and approximately 20,000 thoughts for the confederacy. we were an equally divided state in the war. a few more flags and not see action during the conflict but were made shortly thereafter. this is one of those commemorative flags made shortly after the war's conclusion. it is in pristine condition. you can read our state motto. mountaineers are always free. we have one captured confederate flag from the battle of lynchburg. this is the confederate national flag. it

today we are in the west virginia state capitol. it is in charleston, west virginia. we are close to the south bank of the canal river -- come out river and cannot county -- canal river in canal county. west virginiain which is in the northern panhandle. it was far enough away from the fighting during the civil war. it was also the location of where the conventions were held. the capital was been moved to charleston for it's more convenient location. it is out of the way and a mountainous state. it made it hard to travel there. the capitolaround grounds today, you would notice the most iconic statue we have is this. after -- abraham lincoln was the president that proclaim this. is done in af it copper color with a lead lining. that is a 43 carat gold leaf. they are done to look like various floors from west virginia. currently the capital is under renovation due to water damage and failure to the interior gutter system that we have between the exterior and interior. the construction project began on the spring of 2019. it is not expected to be complete until spring of

you serve virginia, we serve you. we serve all virginians well when we run a wise and frugal government. defend libertys and the rule of law and care more about enacting good policies than making a good quote. simply put, our people want results, not rhetoric. they want solutions, not sound bytes. over the last two years, that is how we have governed together. working across party lines last year. we put the most new funding in transportation a transportation in a new generation. i want to thank speaker howell for this effort. over $4 billion fund was put together to support funding. this has supported hundreds of projects in nearly $2 billion in new contracts in 2011. it is always made possible public/private partnerships like the tunnel on hampton roads, the coal fields expressway and the i-95 hov hot lanes in northern virginia. we created awarding new degrees to young people in important disciplines. i want to thank the leaders in the effort. kirk cox and rosyln dance. we were able to enroll 5,800 additional studen

the army of northern virginia won all the big ones in virginia. if they left virginia, they might encounter a little difficulty, but in their home ballpark, they acquitted themselves exceedingly well against numerically superior union forces. how do you change that? pattern, inreak the the tennis parlance, of holding serve? in fact, that army was the primary target of an army with serious problems of its own. the army of the potomac, which today could be a fine reality show, at least in terms of its officer corps, its dysfunctionality -- i do not know who kim kardashian would play in this army, but someone would. one. governor -- warren. it was a dysfunctional and defeatist officer corps at many points in the war in its command element. its soldiers may not have felt the same way. but if the army of the potomac had ever fought the confederates as well as they fought each other, we would not be having a 1964 conference today. 1864 conference today. it seems that in virginia the army of the potomac always found a way to use -- to lose. up until 1864

church in petersburg, virginia. walker, he organized a range of nonviolent protests of against segregation. he led marches against segregated swimming pools. he led a demonstration and a -- at a public library, and other kinds of organizing activities to protest segregation. regarding his library demonstration, he and other civil rights activists went to the they whites only section of the petersburg public library in 1951. and he tried to check out the biography of the confederate general robert e. lee. it shows an amazing amount of cheek and wit. and for trying to use the whites only section of the library, wyatt t. walker had the police called. and he was arrested. his first of 17 arrests over the course of his career as a civil rights activists. that's one of the items we have on view in the exhibition. wyatt t. walker became very close friends with dr. martin luther king jr. they first met at an inter-seminary conference in the early 1950's. walker became king's right-hand man. they together helped found the ch

virginia women were very vocal about their desire to have the right to vote, but in many cases, virginia women who supported suffrage were in the minority. virginia was not a state that was very enthusiastically behind the movement towards women's right to vote. virginia, in fact, doesn't ratify the 19th amendment until 1952. so despite the fact it passes nationally in 1920, virginia doesn't decide that they want to ratify that amendment until 1952. the notion that virginia women are genteel southern ladies who don't want to be troubled with politics sort of reinforces this notion that suffrage for women isn't an important virginian priority but there are women like, for example, norra houston who wore the dress we see here jn rou generously on loan to us from the valentine museum, she would have been able to counter that argument with quite a great number of arguments of her own. that's part of why pamphlets like the ones we have on display here explaining the reasons for which women should have been given the right to vote were such essential tools for the early 20th century suffragist

using all of our own natural rece virginia. more domestic energy production equals more job security. something we all should support. an important part of the energy solution is right her virginia. just 50 miles off the shores are oil and gas deposits that can be manner. we passed legislation in 2010 with strong bipartisan supportg. america needs the energy and virginians need the jobs. [ applause ] >>gi the obama administration to end the delays and actto include the virginia in the intercontinental shelf plan. i want to thank senators warner and webb for leading that fight in our nation's capitol. we must continue to demand stop overreach and overregulation of our important job created coal and natural gas industries here in virginia. [ applause ] >> and congress must also act to revitalize the nuclear industry, which capital is in lynchburg, virginia. by setting policies on the storage and disposal of fuel rods after 30 inaction. we will pursue solar sources as long as they are cost competitive. we had an exciting announcem

you cannot do in virginia in appalachia what you can do in charlottesville or in northern virginia or tide water. if you think of legos and building, you have different building blocks to work with. and so we're trying to build from the ground up the delivery system that makes some sense, and we're not sure that there is yet an evidence-based model from top down that will work in all places. so we're spending a lot of time and energy on that area as well. >> i want to bring in our other panelists and remind this is supposed to be an interactive conversation. so you should all have note cards by now that were passed out at the beginning of the event. and in a little bit we're going to get to questions. we're going to ask -- we're going to collect the note cards and pass them up in a little bit. we're hoping you'll have a chance to get some of your questions in as well. the other thing i wanted to mention is for anybody watching the live stream, you can follow at #prohc. ron, i'd like to ask you as you listen to this and you look at the landscape of what the states are doing on exchange

you serve virginia, we serve you. we serve all virginians well when we run a wise and frugal government, defend individual liberties and the rule of law, and care more about enacting good policies than making a good quote. simply put, our people want results, not rhetoric. they want solutions and not sound bites. over the past two years i say that's how we have governed together. working across party lines last year we put the most new funding into transportation in a generation. i want to thank the leadership of speaker bill howell in this effort. as a result, over $4 billion in new funding was provided in our six-year highway plan to support road and rail projects across the state. this funding has supported hundreds of projects and the advertisements and award of nearly $2 billion in new funding -- of new contracts in 2011. it's also made possible public-private partnerships like the midtown/downtown tunnel in hampton roads. the coal fields expressway in southwest virginia. route 58. and the i-95 hov lanes in north

,hey fought for virginia virginians fighting for virginia. furthermore, we speak of the lost cause but the monument makers do not. i found only two mentions of that phrase among the 400 monuments i studied in virginia. i found none at all among the 400 in tennessee and only one in mississippi. did they lose? surprisingly depends. arguably, of all things is irrelevant. arguably, the outcome is not the issue. even the cause is not the issue. the greensville courthouse monuments in emporia, virginia declares that "greensville county's soldiers fought in defense of rights they believe sacred. they took up arms against the invaders of virginia -- i love that phrase, because i am one of them -- the invaders of virginia. the glory dies not in the grief is passed." finally, we speak of the american civil war but the monument makers do not. we use the term american civil war to describe the events of 1861 to 1865, at the monument makers defined the conflict as "the war between the states." the phrase civil war israel used on virginia monuments -- is r

but again, this is virginia hall. she's not gonna let that stop her and stand in her way to the point where she actually accepted this and she named her prosthetic cuthbert and it sort of became her life on companion. but this wasn't going to stop virginia, right so she went back to working for the state department and wanted to be a foreign service officer still, but unfortunately at that point in history that state department had a rule that if you were missing a major limb, they would not accept you into the foreign service. and so knowing this, virginia she decided to quit and she went to france on her own. she wanted to be a part of the action. she wanted to help the people of france who she cared about very deeply and so she became an ambulance driver during the beginning of the war. which was a very rough rough job and when it became too dangerous, she actually fled and went to london to the uk. so really a quite audacious spirit doesn't take no for an answer, correct? she was the exact right person at the exac

and suddenly southern west virginia gets left behind. we have to diversify, natural gas has come on strong, you look at people -- butane, propane, and ethane, those of the building blocks for manufacturing. river and wehio can invigorate that with manufacturing and become energy for the united states. right now all of our energy is clustered around louisiana and texas. this is what we are fighting for . there's always going to be a certain amount of fossils. we could be showing the world how to use it in a much cleaner way. should not be running out of methane -- running off of methane. that could be captured for valuable resources. the same with coal, which can be burned in a cleaner way. we are finding new technologies for sequestration. if you believe you can change the climate by lamination you are living in a fantasy. the rest of the world is using more fossil than ever before. they are coming into what we did 100 years ago. inyou lived in west virginia ,930, and most of rural america 20% of people have electricity. and if it was no

let's make virginia proud. may god bless you, make law got left virginia, and may god bless the greatest country in the world, the united states of america. thank you all so much. (applause) >> over the next two weeks, on tuesday, we are focusing on the new hampshire presidential primary and the iowa caucuses. sunday night, longtime new hampshire union leader publisher and now editor at large joseph mcqueen it, talks about his states presidential primary history. and the current state of politics in new hampshire. >> new hampshire is always different. i think it appreciates being forest and people turn out. it's one of the highest turnout states at, least in primaries, in the country. and if it was so -- you know -- to white and not representative of t

becomes west virginia, and part of the army of northern virginia. they never fought against each other eye to eye. there were times where they were not that far apart, especially in the shenandoah valley. that was my interest. my co-author, his interest was that he has a whole ton of relatives, ancestors who had fought in the regiment. he has been interested for years and years. we decided a couple years ago to collaborate and put out this book. did that and to your question? anymore? well, i'm going to ask the young man, i didn't know him at sheppard. i already retired. maybe if the cameras can get it, he has a veterans metal that was issued by the state of west virginia of your great-great-grandfather? >> great uncle. >> would you bring it up and show it to everybody? sorry to put you on the spot, cameron. come on up. tell them about your great uncle. >> well, this is one of the only metals that was still in charleston up to a year ago, when i finally was able to claim it. several years ago, when i started digging into west virginia history, i was

virginia biography. for 16 years before that, she was the managing editor of the publications of the virginia historical society. sarah died cancer a few weeks ago, a week short of her 52nd birthday. i know all of us, and anyone who appreciates good writing will miss her greatly. sarah's father kicked off last year's symposium with a typically vigorous speech by pierre gustave toutant beauregard as the person of the year in 1861. he did not do a great job and he did not finish high in the vote. that is the basic concept for this symposium. the talks you will hear today are speeches nominating candidates for the person of the year of 1862. the person who most influenced events, or who exemplified important developments of that year. at the end of the day we will pass out ballots and you will get to vote. as i was last year, i am very pleased that so many of you came to an all day symposium without even knowing who the lecture topics were going to be. and that c-span is interested in not only recording the

let's make virginia proud. may god -- may god bless you. may god bless virginia. and may god bless the greatest country in the world, the united states of america. thank you all so much. [ applause ] >>> c-span's campaign 2020 differs from all other political coverage for one simple reason. it's c-span, the people who brought you your unfiltered view of government since 1979 are bringing you an unfiltered view of the people seeking to steer that government this november, in other words, your future. see the biggest picture for yourself and make up your own mind with c-span's campaign 2020 brought to you as a public service by your cable television >>> weeknights this week we're featuring american history tv as a preview of what's available on c-span3. tonight we focus on world war ii beginning with the italian campaign with talks about the german army in italy and the campaign from the ally perspective. then journalist lie za mundie talks about her book followed by alex kershaw on his book, "the first day" the d-day warriors who led the way. enjoy american history

that this is not abnormal in west virginia. this is what west virginia is. it is one of the most open and accepting places. we want to represent west virginia. nobody ever asked us to say -- >> live performance radio from the mountain state of west virginia. larry: i started doing that early because i wanted to. i wanted people to know where we were from. there are times in public radio where that was not popular. they wanted you to be nowhere. so that people could put it on their station, and it would seem like it was produced by their station. we said we would not do that. you will always know it is west virginia, because that is who we are. where going to tell you we are from. we also want to represent west virginia, hopefully, by the personality that the show has. we want to try to reflect what we think is a west virginia personality. by that, i mean we are straightforward, we are warm, friendly -- we are not cute, you know. we like the people we put on. we like the audience very much. and we want to give them something. west virginians are generous. wes

virginia, of course, had been essentially important. even as federal armies won victories across the rest of the , victories in 1863 over the federal army of fredericksburg further elevated lead's army in the eyes of northern, southern, and foreign press, and a great invasion of consulting you by lee in the battle of gettysburg that halted that progress still did not destroy lee's army. they watched each other warily throughout the fall and winter of 1863-1864, and people in both the north and south believed 1864 would bring the culmination finally of the war, and that is where i want to pick up this story. the people of the united states had reason to be hopeful in spring of 1864 were it seemed so much of the confederacy had been overrun that the revelation would be unable to sustain its army for much longer. federal forces controlled the rivers, the ports, the coast, the western part of the confederacy had been cut off from the eastern. the others out cut off from the lower. black people now labor for the benefit of the union and of t

of the virginia general assembly. i do once again appreciate the opportunity to address you one final time. [ applause ] >> todd gilbert i would be careful. last yore every republican i gave a shout out they're not back this year in the chamber. you guys have done just fine. before i begin seriously, i would like to thank speaker bill howl for his many years of service to the commonwealth and tell him and his family that we are praying for his speedy recovery. i would also like to take this opportunity to congratulate you, mr. speaker on your election to this historic office. congratulations. speaker cox. i am so proud to be joined this evening by so many people who have worked tirelessly to help this administration and this commonwealth succeed over the last four years. we have with us my incredible wife. and my better half. the first lady of the commonwealth of virginia. dorothy is with us tonight. her leadership on childhood and nutrition has resulted in more than 12 million more meals being served to our students

between english colonists and native peoples in virginia. she talks about the trade networks between tribes prior to european contact. periods of conflict between colonists and native americans and how slavery impacted the economy virginia tech provided this video. hi everybody. i'm dr. taylor and this is misty and today we're going to talk about the native american and anglo-american trade in virginia. and in the southeastern general. this is part of the native history class at virginia tech where we talk about things as diverse as tribal sovereignty in the 20th century and diplomacy with the united states in the 18th and 19th centuries and then the histories of settler and extractive colonialism before that and then before that pre-colonial life and what life was like across the north american continent. so in this lecture, we're going to be talking about what pre-colonial life was like in what is now the state of virginia? then we're going to talk about how english people tapped into those trade networks and transformed native americans l

had his decision been upheld by the virginia court of appeals, all slavery in virginia might because hein 1806, took the broad view in that opinion. but the attorney for the indians, when he took the case to the next level, argued that ofis is not a common case mirror blacks suing for their freedom but of persons who are perfectly white. court agreed that the indians were not mere blacks, stating that white persons are and ever have been free in this country. thus, the virginia court ,in 1806, declared native americans to be perfectly white. other states followed virginia's lead, and native americans were freed from slavery, at least east of the mississippi, well before the 13th amendment to the constitution in 1865. indians remained enslaved after the civil war, though, in new mexico. even the indian commissioner there held native american children in bondage. the 14th amendment to the constitution defined american citizenship as someone born here. it would be hard to argue that native americans did not fit that definition. and yet, that argument was made. 56 years after the 14th am

virginia's most famous unit, the 51st virginia. camp and foro about two weeks the men heard nothing. they were writing letters home but getting nothing in reply. thomas fisher wrote his wife complaining that quote we don't get letters enough. john campbell and offered me a quarter for my letter today. he said he had not got one for so long that he would have to buy one off somebody or else he would have to get none at all. james charles as if you don't get one, he intended to write a long letter, take it home and let his wife read it and then bring the answer back. was the more amazing letters of his wife, frances. i would've paid to a known that woman, she was headstrong and aghly opinionated and she is pleasure -- it is a pleasure to reader letters. in her first letter to thomas in her first lighter to thomas fisher, -- letter, she asked thomas fisher, i want to know if you have washed yourself at this time, or if you have washed at all? tot difference did it make her, but i guess she was concerned. she replied with, i have not w

the history of virginia indian tribes predates 1607. the first sustained -- >> you have run out of time. >> okay. >> thank you. >> you did well. >> thank you for your time. >> by the way, i have to remind you that we did pass and recognize you out of this congress last year. we're going to do it again. that dark hole over there, we call it, i don't know what you say, you got to go over and jerk them around a little bit, too. >> thank you so much for your time. when i heard that you were going to be on this committee, i have good friends in alaska and i just, my confidence soared. >> i appreciate that. next witness is mr. scott gabaldon. from alexander valley. you're up. >> good afternoon, chairman young and members of the subcommittee. my name is scott gabaldon. i am an indian. i'm the elected chairman of the tribe of alexander valley. i would like to thank the committee for this opportunity to represent my people. let me be crystal clear. our tribe was wrongly terminated and deserves its status restored. that is a fact and only focus r

of virginia. the records we have today are incomplete but we know in the course of 13 years of construction, there was a combination of free labor and slave labor involved in making the capital. skilled and unskilled workers. local artisans and traveling itinerant artisans. some of whom, after working on the virginia capital, went north to washington, d.c. and begin working on the subsequent united states capital. when you have a really good building that is accumulating important history and has important people and events associated with it, you do not give up on the building. for over 100 years, we use the capital as first built and it was a rectangular roman temple style building. 1904, we realized that the building was getting a little old in the two and needed renovation. -- folder need to and needed renovation and was too small. rather than give up on the building, we gave it a new roof, we gave it monumental front steps leading up to the south portico. we added two balancing classically st

today, the virginia house of delegates and the senate of virginia continue working to improve both the lives and livelihoods of all virginians and thomas jefferson's beautiful capital building. the logo behind us and above us underscores that continuity. in 2007, america's 400th anniversary, we worked to focus national and international attention on jamestown. it's the first permanent english settlement in the new world. and on the convergence of cultures, it would shape our country. now in this commemorative year of 2019, we have been drawing more heavily from archaeological and cultural research. we have broadened our perspective. the result? a far more diverse, comprehensive and compelling picture of events has emerged. and we are determined to continue that story and bring to light other seminal events. commemoration 2019, american evolution, spotlights the genesis of american democracy, american slavely, american diversity and opportunity. american survival and american genius. we are resolved to tell the story. today we are gathered on a momentous occasion for the virginia genera

africansse enslaved joint the thousands of virginia's first people, the members of the virginia indian tribes who would also wait centuries to have the same freedoms. hold thesee commemorations of the first representative assembly in the free world, we have to remember who included and who it did not. that is the paradox of virginia, of america and of our representative democracy. a full accounting demands that we confront and discuss those aspects of our history and it demands that we look not just to a point in time 400 years in the past but at how our commonwealth and country have evolved over the course of those four centuries. in many ways, virginia today represents the best of what it means to be american. we know our diversity is our strength. refugees, immigrants, and all, like those who stood on this about 400 years ago, come to virginia in search of a better life. our doors are open and our lights are on. no matter who you are, no matter who you love, and no matter where you came from, you are welcome in virginia. there is nothing, nothing more american than that. todays we s

lands of virginia and beyond. he was a young major. i believe you both sat together in the virginia house of burgesss, just before he passed away. he passed away in 1757. when i came to the house 12 years later, i had already known of you as a boy that attended the old world college in williamsburg, william and mary and george whiff and practicing law in williamsburg. in fact, general, i do not know whether you remember, but when i was a young man, a good 25 years of age, i had already become a de devote of theater and never missed an opportunity when virginia burg performed in the theater and i believe mrs. campbell was quite the destiny for you. you enjoyed her ocean repair. that is her fine seafood. there, the two of us, if i remember well, attended a production of the virginia company. i was only, i would venture, 25 years of age, in the spring of '68. i remember you as well are quite a devote of the theater. >> i am and i did attend theater in the old capitol. i must confess to you at this age i do not actually remember meeting yo

plantation in what's now northern virginia along the rappahannock river? in 1706 lamb had he was taking captive along mobile bay in probably what's now modern day, alabama or the panhandle of florida. he was probably only there around 1704ish escaping raids that had been happening deep inside of what's now florida near the spanish missions. so he was part of a group of people that had escaped that violence. there was a creak raid on his town. he ended up being taken captive by the creeks sold to probably what is the shawnee and then moved north he spent probably a year with them and was on a trip a hunting trip with them when he found a chance to escape. he found the mattapani river and went east and then ended up on the rappahannock river at the plantation of a random englishman who saw a naked man with scars permanently around his wrist and lamb hattie then helped robert beverly who became one of the first historians of virginia draw a map that demonstrated his travels. but this shows the extent of the slave trade shows how interconnected all these diffe

that's how it ended up at virginia tech. a family member had the letters and donated them in the will when they passed away. they donated the letters to the archives in blacksburg. whatever happened to that photograph, no one, including his grandson, who has all of his grandpas photos, doesn't have that one. i keep hoping it will pop up one of these days. this is jones, who i already spoke about on the left, and john singleton mosby on the right. once jones became a right-hand man for jeb stuart, wrote a fabulous book, warriors with jeb stuart. blackfurt and jones, once they finished training in virginia decided to leave the union. jones had about 100 young troopers. they rode to richmond. eventually, they received orders to report to, at the time, colonel jeb stuart, and they were mustered into the confederate service is the first virginia cavalry from the washington mounted rivals which the name jones had given the company and abington. a lot of groups i speak to -- i added this slide not too long ago because many groups,