robert e. lee? is a very uncertain sort of thing going forward. that is just some of the leaders. imagine yourself just being an average everyday richmond to citizen on april 2, as you know that the union army -- things are not going well for your army and the union army is at the gates. you know that there are black troops in the siege and lines. what will they be like? what about these suddenly freed slaves as soon as the union army comes in? what are they going to do? are there going to be riots? what do you do with your silver? what do you do with your valuables? do you bury them in the garden? do you leave them and trust that nobody is going to mess with them? what we do with the family shotgun? are you going to hide it, are you going to greet the enemy? are you even going to stay? are you going to go? if you choose to go, what are you going to take, and how are you going to get out of here? are you going to go by wagon if you have one? by horse? are you going to try and crowd the train st

grant and robert e lee. grant was more popular than anyone in the north. more popularly than lincoln while lincoln was alive. he was the one man who defeated the confederacy to whom all confederates looked for guidance in the dark and difficult days following defeat. we know a lot about them. there's been a lot that we don't know about the other men and that's what i will talk about tonight. -- theolen a title generals nobody knows. ,e will talk about the origins the personalities come other lives, their experience prior to them becoming preeminent military commanders and how that came to influence the way they were as commanders. i come by my interest in grant honestly in that one of the few things i've come by honestly -- i thought i would say that for mcmurray since he is not in the room. -- we movedim from post to post and his command shifted. his last command was in san francisco. toer he retired, they moved california to escondido and almost bought a home from a man who was the august surviving -- the youngest surviving grant. on a lowbeautiful home

robert, get their camera. >> let her come forward. watch out. >> you pick it. >> can you -- >> thank you. >> thanks a lot. >> careful, guys. let them out here. >> thanks, guys. >> right here. >> i'm sorry. >> oh, no problem. >> three. >> good luck, senator. >> thank you. >> senator, good luck! >> thank you. >> there you go. >> thank you. thank you so much. >> nice to meet you. >> thank you. we'll keep fighting. thanks a lot. >> thank you. >> my grandfather really liked -- >> oh yeah? >> can i get a photo, please? >> yeah. >> ready? one, two, three. >> thank you. >> marco, i came from connecticut. awesome job. it's tough. >> the -- for you. >> that looks just like me. >> did you get the picture yet? >> not yet. >> this is gorgeous. >> can they get a picture with you, marco? >> thank you. >> yep. >> see how lucky? >> ready? one, two, three. thank you. >> thank you so much. thank you, guys. >> you have one more smile left? >> i have more than one. >> thank you very much. >> thank you. >> good to see you, man. >> can i get a picture with

i do love robert and i appreciate it. compared to robert, i just got here. he served 20 years in the house which seems like 90 dog years, i think. quite some time. prior to coming here, he was a judge and i bet he was a great one. he's good at seeing things from all sides and all angles. it's really a rare gift. i represent southern california and he represents northern alabama. these places are very different, according to most demographics, but they are alike in that both are full of folks with really a very deep faith. one of the landmarks of robert's district is the beautiful 60-foot high sandstone bridge called natural bridge and like that bridge, robert is able to connect people. he brings people together to get work done for america. robert and i have the responsibility of facilitating the weekly prayer group of members of the house, the house has had such a group for over 50 years now. this group includes republicans, democrats, older members, younger members, women and men and folks from different faith traditions. we have much yet to accomplish but

we had a change in the supreme court in 2005 with chief justice john roberts. in 2006, samuel alito. we had the historic election of barack obama. and then two more changes with justice soanya sotomayor in 2009 and elena kagan in 2010. and in some ways, and 2010, citizens united has replaced bush legal or as a rallying cry politically at least. as a rallying cry politically at least. just when i think people have stopped thinking about it or stopped asking about it, i will as in speech somewhere, last summer in connecticut, where the first question is -- what about that bush legal or? -- bush the gore? but we are here to look at both sides, not just what happened back then, but how the ruling has reverberated through the years. i will start with my immediate left. -- judithwn diana's brown-dianis. we also have richard hasen. google bush v gore, i think your name comes up second. along with justice scalia saying, please, get over it. we also have pamela karlan. like judith, she has been in the trenches. most recently as an assistant attorney general in the civil

he wants a second chance at robert e dolly, -- robert e. lee, but his staff is not very sanguine about his ability to lead. tell us what happened with the morale of the leadership of the army of the potomac. >> when burnside comes up for , at plan for a new campaign the end of december, a lot of the corps commanders and vision commanders within the army do not support this. franklin,m would be and wasa mcclellan man behind the scenes of bringing mcclellan back to command of the army since two of his division commanders -- since two of his division commanders to washington, and they seek a conversation with lincoln. newside is planning this campaign, and he will be a disaster again. lincoln sends word to burnside to suspend the campaign. burnside suspects what has happened, that one of his principal subordinates is gone to hide back. he comes to washington, he meets with lincoln and the advisor. burnside is angry. he goes back after this conference, which leads nowhere, and plans the campaign that buts to the mud march, after the fiasco of t

his son, robert, has as little to do with his economic views as carnegie. so, going up to manchester, he sealed the deal of the endorsement by playing golf with robert lincoln. he gets the blessing. theodore roosevelt is wearing a ring and goes out to lincoln-land and communes with lincoln in the log cabin area, telling everyone he is the natural inheriter. in the middle of the campaign, he comes out for women's suffrage. wilson again has these progressive policies. he presides over the battle of he 50th anniversary of the battle of gettysburg, never mentions slavery, never mentions what led to the civil war, just talking of reconciliation. he inherited the lincoln log it a nationals park. the republicans outpolled the democrats. fdr loves lincoln. we uncovered a moment where he brings his staff together and says, we have to take over the party. the party of lincoln. we are the lincoln party now. he made the concerted effort to steal the lincoln legacy. when wilson and william jennings bryan talked about lincoln, republican-owned newspapers like the chicago

"q&a,,"y night on former secretary of defense and director of the cia robert gates passions his book, "a for leadership." mr. gates served under several presidents, most recently presidents george w. bush and barack obama. >> when i was the director of central intelligence at the and of the cold war, i came to believe very strongly that the american people had given the cia a pass on a lot of things because of this existential conflict with the soviet union, of i believe after the end the cold war we would have to be more open about what we did and why we did it, and even to an extent how we did it, to help the american people better understand why intelligence was important to the government and to presidents, and why presidents valued it. >> sunday night at 8:00 eastern on q&a"." >> this year, c-span is touring cities across the country, exploring american history. next, a recent visit to santa barbara, california. you are watching american history tv, all weekend, every weekend on c-span 3. given the growing demands for water for environmental needs, there is more of a demand to de

robert's own children them.ed as our ivileged to witness general maxwell taylor. ne of the ablest military leaders in many years. his record of distinguished back e to the nation goes nearly

secretary of defense robert mac o'mara believes this meant war with the soviet union. kennedy did not believe that. they continued to engage in communications with khrushchev and the kremlin in moscow and thankfully, these discussions resulted the next day in agreement that ended the crisis. i think both men, kennedy and khrushchev, realized that this could mean all-out nuclear conflagration, all-out nuclear war. this memorial was initially developed in may of 1963. less than one year after major rudolph anderson's death and the 1952, he a tober of was born in this area and played in cleveland park quite a bit. as a boy growing up in was involved in boy scouts. he apparently loved to fly from a very early age. he attended nearby augusta circle elementary school and greenville high school. wassenior yearbook quote good humor is the clean blue sky of this also gives you an insight as to his character. major andersoner death, the united states was extremely keen on returning anderson's body to the united states from cuba. inre was a funeral here early november, about 1800

even robert mcnamara's own children rebelled against the war at the time. a lot of senators had great arguments when they went home and had dinner with their families. we arelbright: privileged this morning to have as our witness, general maxwell taylor, one of the a list military leaders we have had in his country in many years. his record of this thing were service to the nation goes back nearly 45 years. he was an outstanding combat

sunday night, former secretary of defense and director of the cia robert gates discusses his book "a passion for leadership." he served under several presidents, most recently george w. bush and barack obama. >> at the of the cold war when i was director of central intelligence, i came to believe very strongly that the american ssople had given the cia a pa on a lot of things because of this existential conflict with the soviet union. i believe that after the end of war we had to be more open about what we did and why we did it to help the american people better understand why intelligence was important.

i personally don't believe that robert e. lee or others would have countenanced such a thing. 20 generals said we do not believe in assassination, we do not countenance assassination. it was not us. other people eventually blamed secretary of war edwin stanton. of course, that really was -- came to the floor in 1937. why was lincoln murdered? lincoln loved stanton. lincoln said, stanton is the shore on which the waves of rebellion crash and are broken. without him i could not live. they knew each other well. they were together constantly. they appreciated each other's talents. they didn't get along before the war. he called lincoln the original gorilla. but during the war, lincoln really came to appreciate stanton's unique qualities that helped him win the war. it is inconceivable to me that edwin stanton would have plotted to murder abraham lincoln. other rumors abounded the catholic church assassinated lincoln. but it was booth's own little conspiracy. and the signs and symbols that we saw in april '65 were very much like t

will you join me in honoring robert f. smith. [ applause ] >> thank you for that wonderful introduction. when he gave me a call and said that he would like to and the national action network would like to honor me he told me who else was being honored i was completely intimidated. how would i ever follow his speech and the attorney general loretta lynch and the attorney general eric holder? and now dr. king. i must say i think the greatest thing today that i really can celebrate i have my son here, my nephew, my cousins who get a chance to see two black attorney generals in my lifetime. [ applause ] our lives begin to end the day we become silent about things that matter. these words were so powerfully spoken by dr. king during the height of the civil rights movement. and continue to hold great meaning in america today. his invocation to stand up for what matters, despite the odds and despite the risk, holds great salience as we check in on the state of the dream today. poverty blight our communities and fear pulls us apar

>> this is robert. >> that's my name. they call me bob. they call you bob or robert. >> they will call you bob later on. >> i was bobby jo. >> but our parents always call me. >> you have a big store. you know bill. >> anything they knock over you have to buy. we'll give you a little push into the wine cellar. >> you can buy enough for a couple days. >> sure. >> good to see you. >> how you doing? >> good, how are you doing? >> this is my home. >> this is your day off today? >> we never get a day off. >> really? >> farmers work sundays. >> even in an orchard? >> we've got christmas trees and winterizing equipment. >> you do any of this kind of thing? >> no, this we fly in from the ottoman society. >> where's mike. >> i think i heard that already. >> it's all very nice. they're all different. >> how are you? >> is this the neighborhood here? your neighborhood? nice to see you. what's your name? >> tony. >> hi, how are you? >> i'm a neighbor, too. i live up the street. >> well, nice to see you. do a little shopping in here from time to time? >

manchester, he sealed the deal of the endorsement by playing golf with robert lincoln. roosevelt is wearing the ring andgoes out to lincoln-land communes with lincoln in the log cabin area, telling everyone he iter.e natural inher wilson has progressive policies. he presides over the battle of gettysburg, never mention what lednever mentions to the civil war, just talking of reconciliation. he made the lincoln log cabin a national park. olled thelicans outp democrats. fdr loves lincoln. we uncovered a moment where he brings his staff together and says, we have to take over the party. we are the lincoln party now. he made the concerted effort to steal the lincoln legacy. when william jennings bryan talked about lincoln, republican-owned newspapers attacked viciously. withocrat cannot identify lincoln, because they are the party of the white south and 19th century repression. fdr is the guy who turns it around. i'm doing this chronologically. 015-2016.ng to 2 fdr was the first democratic candidate for president to win the african majority of votes and did not do so in 193

highwayw, you have lee connected with the robert e. lee family. the lee family goes back a long way. had slaves, did not treat them well. so you need to know the firm range. one of the concerns i have about how we do american history as we want to find heroes, put them on pedestals, and not have feet of clay. by understanding they have feet of clay, you understand they are human, like we are. there are people in my family, i don't like what they do, but i love them. we go to a certain degree, one way or the other. here is a complicated person, there are problems but there are things that they do well, too. and we need to embrace all of those things, all of us human beings. >> on the issue of problems with having a true dialogue, i agree with this woman. the problem seems to be a great impediment to dialogue is people in public are disinclined to say what they really feel for political reasons. could there not be a graduate program, a thesis perhaps, where people in small groups are developed. white and black. all black. all white. they have an opp

roberts jr. it is a privilege and great honor to have chief justice roberts as our honored guest tonight. chief justice roberts' brilliant career as lawyer and judge is detailed in our program in a more formal introduction and appreciation will take place after this conversation. i know that our students and faculty here at new england law of boston have been thrilled to meet with chief justice roberts over the past two days, and all of us have been looking forward to this chance to hear his views on a variety of issues. but before we begin, the conversation and on behalf of our entire community, i thank you, mr. chief justice, for being so generous with your time in visiting new england law of boston. >> thank you. >> all right. i've read some surveys that have caught my attention one, from the annanburg center at university of pennsylvania, shortly after you were confirm ed it pointed out 15% of those polled could identify you as chief justice. that's interesting. >> great number. >> 66% could

. >> former director of the cia robert gates discusses his book a passion for leadership, lessons on change and reform from 50 years of public service. mr. gates has served under several presidents. most recently, presidents george w. bush and barack obama. >> at the end the cold war when i was director of central intelligence, i came to believe very strongly that the american people had given cia a pass on a lot of things because of this existential conflict with the soviet union. i believed that after the end of the cold war, we were going to have to be more open about what we did and why we did it and even to an extent how we did it to help the american people better understand why intelligence was important to the government and to presidents and why presidents valued it. >> sunday night at 8:00 eastern on c-span's q & a. >> oklahoma senator james vitia langford took to the senate earlier to talk about the president's budget request. m >> $4.1 trillion.he that's the amount that congresss will then discussion over the i. next few months. it's no big secret that presidential budget

even robert mcnamara's children rebelled against the war. a lot of senators had great argument when is they went home and had dinner with their families. >>> we're privileged this morning to have as our witness general maxwell b. taxpayer lower, one of the ablest military leaders we've had in this country in many years. his record of distinguished service to the nation goes back nearly 45 years. he was an outstanding combat leader in world war ii and in korea and went on through progressively more responsible positions to become chief of staff of the army and chairman of the joint chiefs of staff. few men have played such a significant role in the developments leading to our current involvement in vietnam. for the last five years general taylor has been associated intimately with the making of vietnamese policy decisions. as personal representative of president kennedy in 1961 and '62, as chairman of the joint chiefs of staff from '62 to '64. and as our ambassador to south vietnam in 1964 and 1965. and he's now special consultant to the pres

this was robert e. lee's house. more precisely, robert e lee's wife's house. right across the river in virginia, what is today arlington national cemetery. lee's wife leaves early in the course of the war. the federal government moves on to the property and uses the mansion itself as a headquarters building. they begin burying troops there. this is in 1861. in 1864, the federal government officially takes title to the property. why? because robert e. lee's wife hadn't paid her taxes. there is a tax act that require owners pay their taxes and pay them in person. she failed to comply with that. so the government takes over her property in 1864. it is after that that we get the beginnings of our arlington national cemetery. 1863, note that, in at the mansion but also on the property the federal government , had erected a number of buildings as a so-called contraband camp. the image here you get is one of the larger buildings. -- i do not know how well the image scans from where you are sitting, can you --l what people have their have there? >> they are reading so

so senator roberts. >> mr. chairman, thank you. thank you also to the ranking members who called this hearing. everybody knows about the cost of prescription drugs that continue to make headlines. and i truly appreciate dr. woodcock's view. you are an excellent witness. and thank you for your clarity. and your comments. in addition to new user fees in 2012 as has been said, the fda proposed a regulation in 2013 regarding generic labeling. that according to one testimony, increasing generic drugs by billions of dollars. in 2015 a proposed quality metrics program through draft guidance, draft guidance, that would require manufacturers to collect new information and also to collect and record information from the cmos. the generic drug manufacturers have raised significant amounts of money regarding the confidentiality. this has increased the burdens on manufacturers and require significant efforts to resolve. we want to ensure high quality drugs. shouldn't this be done to rule making? i will pause here to say this is the first time i

let's hear from robert in brooklyn, a republican. hi, robert, you're on the air. >> caller: hi. good morning. everything you're saying sounds good so far, but a question i'd like to ask, where was the stop gap in the naacp? where was the black caucus, thousands of people, children and babies was going to get affected by that? where was those organization to step up, what they need to do to ensure that public is as safe as it's supposed to be? >> thank you for that question. we did not know. understand that this was an inside baseball until that pediatrician, dr. monatisa, who is what we're calling a civil hero, start screaming that these children that i'm treating in flint, their lead levels are too high. understand what happened in flint. you had an emergency manager drinking the water and saying, citizens of flint, calm down, this water is safe. the citizens were being told by professionals and those who were in charge of their government and the emergency manager is a person who comes into a city, take away all local home rule, and they are in charge of all of the decisions i

and one thing that you can say, i think, pretty confidently about the roberts court, is the roberts court is very comfortable corporations. they think that large corporations are a pretty benign force. in the political world. they think, hey, speech is good. why should we distrust speech just because it is coming from a large corporation? this is good information for the american people. and maybe they think, hey, the american people are smart enough to figure out when they are being lied to. i also think the american people are smart, but i generally think the influence of corporations on politics is not as benign as the roberts court supposes. but i do think this is certainly not understood by the justices themselves as an attempt to benefit some political party or to it if it wealthy as opposed to the less will be people. i think that has to do with the general worldview. and the general worldview, for the majority at least here, is one in which corporations are a valuable part of our social fabric. roy: and that's in context, why is the court so hands-off on gerrymandering, because, r

the vietnam war, because of the vietnam draft, but also, and more well-known political figures like robert kennedy. 1968 is also the year when richard nixon returns to the political stage. i did get permission from george willis, the designer of this wonderful cover, to appear in the book. it is one of my favorite images. richard nixon, the democrats are in disarray. richard nixon is the most unlikely comeback story. he loses in 1960, he loses in for the governor of california. 1962not even president. he says, you are never going to have neck than to kick around again, i am going back to my law firm. and then, 1968, he is back as a different candidate. currents to putting our moment in context thinking about , the power of image and media, and how the same politician might repackage themselves and also take advantage of a very different moment in american history because between 1960 and 1968 so much changes in terms of how geopolitics, domestic politics, grassroot politics, and culture. richard nixon comes back not as the same richard nixon in 1960. one of the things i would invite you gu

one he named robert solia. another he called "the new guy." the other is called mr. point. i can look up the names. killed in december 19 67. -- 96 and seven. -- 1967. i found out the other two men are probably william pearson, the new guy, and eddie lee jackson who was mr. point. chronology gave the reason for their deaths. company c was hit by a booby trap and two were three artillery rounds. every it was searched on 16 december and bodies were found with negative results. the incident resulted in one killed in action and six wounded in action. two men later died. pearson, he had been in vietnam for just 24 days when he was killed. both of these notes were left in august of 1986. i assume they are from the same woman, although they both touch on different topics. in one she is describing about how she was a nurse in vietnam. she signs it lieutenant dee baker, rn. the other is talking about her husband who died in vietnam. she -- "i went to vietnam to heal and was silently wondered. i awaken from nightmares about those i could not save. i came on degree for those we sent h

i want to thank everyone who helped organize this breakfast, especially our co-chairs robert and juan, who embodied the tradition of friendship, fellowship, and prayer. i will begin with a confession. i have always felt a tinge of guilt motorcading up here at the heart of d.c.'s rush hour. i suspect not all the commuters were blessing me as they waited to get to work, but it's for a good cause. a national prayer brunch doesn't have the same ring to it, and michelle and i are extremely honored as always to be with so many friends, with members of congress, with faith leaders from across the country and around the world, to be with a speaker, a leader. i want to thank mark and roma for their friendship and their extraordinary story in sharing those inspiring words. andre for sharing his remarkable gifts. on this occasion, i always enjoy reflecting on a piece of scripture that's been meaningful to me or otherwise sustained me throughout the year and lately i've been thinking and praying on a verse from second timothy. for god has not given us a spirit of fear, but of power and of love an

there's caroline and kerry kennedy, one of robert kennedy's daughters. she hated the green carpet and drapes that dated back to truman era. she told president kennedy i want to redo your office, too. he said, fine. and she picked everything out. the workers told her that they both needed to be away for about two days so they could do the job. and again, fall of 1963, and the only two days when they would both be away happened to be the third weekend in november, when they went to texas. so literally, i mean literally as the president and mrs. kennedy made their way from ft. worth to dallas, to get into the motorcade, we know what happened next, workmen went into the oval, removed that fame out resolute desk, ripped up the green carpet, and as the president's motorcade, as he went from ft. worth to dallas, that day, they put in the new carpet on the day of his murder and its color, a deep blood red. this photo, in fact, was taken the afternoon of the assassination. picture was taken on november 22, 1963. at the time, daniel patrick moynihan, who later wen

historian and author william davis talks about the different upbringings of ulysses s robert e lee and how their childhoods impacted their later lives.

mann: my name is robert mann. i'm a forensic anthropologist and also the director of forensic science academy for j-pac. what is difficult to see is there is a round spot right here in the teeth. it's a little semicircle on top and a semicircle on the bottom. you put the teeth together and it looks like this. and what would that be? it's a pipe stem groove. back in the civil war a lot of sailor smoked pipes. they were smoking pipes are very abrasive. they put this clay pipe in your teeth, they grind on it and after a while it actually sandpaper. it wears a groove in the teeth. what we know about this individual, nasa mission the bones and not that these bones are talking to us saying i was a pipe smoker, though we have evidence in his teeth. there is no doubt about it. this individual smoked a pipe. what we actually can tell from this individual is this is somebody who is in his 30's. could be 30-40 years old. we note this is a white individual because of the nasal opening is very narrow and tall. this little spin

but the superpacs in part are being funded by a couple of very notable, wealthy individuals including robert mercer who is a hedge funder from new york city who's pumped in eight figures into a ted cruz superpac, so it's a very different world, again, than we've had in presidential politics here in 2016. >> we get to calls in just a moment. here's the headline david leventhal, jeb bush spent $2,800 per vote in iowa. put it in perspective for us. >> it's incredible. and it shows that sometimes spending alone is just not going to get you nearly the return that you would ever want to. and some of the superpacs have been spending money in i guess what you could call traditional political ways, television advertising, radio advertising, and we're not necessarily seeing a huge bang for your buck in terms of that type of activity, although it is still eating up the most cash in terms of money being spent by these big, outside, nominally independent organizations like superpacs or nonprofit organizations which is slightly different but a different story line in this presidential race. but the point

. >> from florida, independent line, cliff for our guest robert daly, good morning. >> good morning. good conversation.me e you have alreadystng to taken s steam out of a comment that i was going to make, but i will i make it anyway so we can reiterate. i'm not probably going to be as friendly and optimistic as the answer has been given.ussian i'm referring to the russian situation when they were doing their thing with georgia, uzbekistan and we were passive and we o watched and they watch how we react or no reaction. i, for one, believe the chinese are very patient people, very patient country. i think they will, little by little, this is a stupid analogy. i remember an old favorite movie of mine called "the blob." this blob goes down the street getting bigger and bigger, this big thing, this mass getting bigger.and h i believe that china and the south china seas, they are do w buildingit islands and eventual they know we are not going to do a thing about it.cades, that was also my concern decades ago about having things made in china -- computers, whatnot -- e and i think the i con

>> sunday night on question and answer, former secretary of defense and former director of the cia robert gates discusses his book, "a passion for leadership" and discusses his reform. most recently, presidents bush and barack obama. >> at the end of the cold war when i was director of intelligence i came to believe very strongly that the american people had given cia a pass on a lot of things because of this existential conflict with the soviet union. and i believed that after the cold war we were going to have to be more open about what we did and why we did it and even to an extent how we did it to help the american people better understand why intelligence was important to the government and to presidents. and why presidents valued it. >> sunday night at 8:00 eastern on c-span's q & a. >>> in this week's question time in the british house of commons, prime minister david cameron answered questions about public housing, youth unemployment and aid to syrian refugees. this is 40 minutes. >> questions to the prime ministe minister. >> number one, please. >> thank you, mr. speaker. i know

co-author robert cressman. the dictionary of american fighting ships. he is been my mentor over a. of many years. we love each other deeply. historylove of naval runs deep. from exodus, put off thy shoes from off thy feet for the place .here you stand is holy ground during the centennial celebration of the american my family traveled to many battlefield sites in virginia. ultimately to gettysburg. holy ground is in our midst. consecrated by the blood of freedom loving americans. i was captivated by the tropical a lower of the islands in hawaii. i think of pearl harbor and the island of hawaii as a battlefield just as surely as the ground at yorktown or gettysburg. one battle site on one who lies theiles from the site of attack on pearl harbor. the location is an active military base today. marine corps base hawaii. aircraft hangers and 74 years ago americans fought back in a pitched battle against japanese attackers. little is known publicly about that life-and-death struggle the took place along the picturesque shores of the day. that is the basis of this program. this sign was a

the obvious ones were jefferson davis and robert e. lee. they would write out long lists of cabinet members and confederate diplomats. quite sure that it had been more than booth. that was part of their belief thisw whether or not these men were responsible had assassin e assassinated the president. thank you. sgr we hear a lot about this one. we hear as much about kennedy and very little about the other two. this may be off topic. it may not be your area of expertise. do you have any idea, would that consider cataclysmic in their time and why did he hear so little about those? >> garfield in 1881 rand mckinley in 1901, the first reason that scholars give is that lincoln and kennedy died immediately or almost immediately. i follow this couple up through reconstruction till the end of their lives. i'm not sure i can explain this. she's devastated, utterly devastated. i followed her through the whole story. she wrote so much about lincoln. there's a sense of at the immediate moment, i think garfield and mckinley were devastating events but th

the national war college had a tribute to him and invited dean rusk, robert mcnamara, and

. >> sunday night on q & a, former secretary of defense and director of the cia robert gates discusses his book "lessons on leadership." mr. gates an served under several president, most recent ris presidents george w. bush and barack obama. >> at end of the cold war when i was director of central intelligence, i came to believe very strongly that the american peopleing had given cia a pass on a lot of things because of thut existential conflict with the soviet union. i believe that after the end evident cold war, we were going to have to be more open about what we did and why we did it and even to an extent how we did it to help the american people better understand why intelligence was important to the government and to presidents. and why presidents valued it. >> sunday night at 8:00 eastern on c-span's q & a. >> now vermont governor peter shumlin gives his state of the state address and discusses financial assistance for students attending college, sick leave for vermont worker, investing in renewable energy, attracting new jobs to the state, and combating drug abuse in vermont. th

. >> my name is robert davis. i am tired of being told what to do by the government that has ignored us for years and knows nothing about our lives. if i have to pay taxes, i want to see where my money is going and know that it is helping my fellow townspeople. >> the chair recognizes the speaker to my left on the floor. >> i asked my compatriots, what will happen to this colony if we continue to defy the king? if we anger the king, taxes will be the least of our problems. >> order! the chair recognizes the speaker to my right on the floor. >> enough with the liberty tea nonsense! we are all english man and subject to the king's laws. >> order! the chair recognizes the speaker to my left. >> my name is cooper. i teach my sons to respect their father's words. we are not the sons of liberty. we are the sons of our father and our king who protects that. >> the chair recognizes the speaker to my right on the floor. >> we patriots must continue to protest. >> my name is john. i ask you, loyalists, who shall respond? i

they invited dean russ kenmare mcnamara -- and robert mcnamara and clark clifford to come and analyze george kennan. and all were invited, of them agreed completely with the thesis he proposed in 1948. they all agreed that the way he viewed the soviet union in 1988. the trouble is none of them have agreed with him in 1968 when a really mattered. one of the great tragedies of american history is that kennan was not listen to buy the policymakers in the 1960's when we decided to go to war. >> american history tv's real america continues our look at the vietnam hearings, 50 years later. next, retired army general james gavin prevents his views on the vietnam war to the senate foreign relations committee. his statement is followed by senators questions, including committee chairman fulbright. broadcast by cbs news on february 8, 1966. general gavin was a commander of the 82nd airborne during world war ii. it was the only general to parachute four times with this troops during combat, including jumps into sicily and normandy. he retired from the army in 1958 and was u.s. ambassador to fran