ronald reagan said. the navy in war time did not want to recognize doris miller. they would not have told us his name had it not been for the activism of the pittsburgh courier and the national association for the advancement of colored people, the naacp. he posed a dilemma. he was proving wrong the wrong s behind segregation. but at the same time the navy didn't want to alienate black americans, which they would have done had they ignored him completely. but they didn't want to make significant changes either. so they gave him a medal. and they sent him on a speaking tour at the end of 1942, a month or two he went round, selling war bonds. and here he is in rather unglamorous surroundings at the great lakes naval academy speaking to an audience that appears rather uninterested if you look at those fellas in the corner. nonetheless he did it. and this was, of course, good propaganda. there were also commercial exploitation of miller, which i shall come to in a moment because i have the wrong slide. this is an example of the dissent that continued to be spoken abou

we have been a shining light, as ronald reagan has said, on the hill for a long time. people that look to this country, for example, for a long time. i don't know that anybody will look with honor upon any country that would turn the clock back on its pursuit of perfection, that would take away the right to vote, as some jurisdictions seem to be pursuing. i would hope that this will be an anomaly on the part of a couple of states, and let's get back in pursuit of perfection. >> thank you, congressman. and i know we probably have some questions. kerry, do we have questions ready yet? >> yes, absolutely. >> open it up. >> yeah, please, and just as a reminder, for any of the students, really any of our guests, if you want to put questions into the chat, i'll do my best to relay those to the congressman. i wanted to maybe just take us back for a minute, congressman, to the 1960s. and i think about, you know, the work that you did around the orangeburg massacre and especially around the charleston hospital strike. i think about that period as a time of great upheaval, the a

reagan would say, on the hills for a very long time. people to look to this country, for example, for a long time. i don't know that anybody would look at this country that would turn the clock back. or take away the right to vote in some jurisdictions seem to be pursuant and i would hope this will be an anomaly on a couple of states. and let's get back to the pursuit of perfection. >> thank you congressman and i know we probably have some questions. let's open it up for questions. >> as a reminder for any of the students, really any of our guests if you want to put questions into the chat, i will do my best to relay this to the congressman and i wanted to maybe to take us back just for a minute, congressman, to the 1960s and i think about the work that you did around the mascara and especially run the charleston hospital strike and think about that time of such great upheaval. the assassination of doctor king and bobby kennedy and i am wondering if you might draw some parallels or make comparisons to our contemporary politics. and, wha

ronald reagan passes away today. >> much of europe had been under -- to mark that day in history when the allied armies joined this battle to reclaim this continent to liberty. for four long years, much of europe had been under a terrible shadow. free nations had fallen, jews cried out in the camps, millions cried out for liberation. europe was enslaved, and the world prayed for its rescue. here in normandy, the rescue began. here the allies stood and fought against tyranny in a giant undertaking unparalleled in human history. we stand on a lonely, win-swept point on the northern -- wind-swept point on the northern shore of france. the air is soft, but 40 years ago at this moment the air was dense with smoke and the cries of men, and the air was filled with the crack of rifle fire and the roar of cannon. at dawn on the morning of the 6th of june, 1944, 225 rangers jumped off the british landing craft and ran to the bottom of these cliffs. their mission was one of the most difficult and daring of the invasion, to climb these sheer and is desolate cliffs and take out the enemy guns. the

and so this draws a contrast between the way barack obama talks about religion and the way ronald reagan does. so quite a contrast. i know from talking to you before class, some of you were a bit surprised by the evil empire speech. what reaction did you have when you looked at that? >> i was just really expecting them to be focuses on the soviet union, and the relationship america is having with it. but then all of a sudden -- about abortion and talking about abortion relationship to god. so i feel that that idea it's just focussed on our relationship with the soviet union is pretty skewed, because i think reagan had other intentions with the that speech. >> yeah, that's right. other comments or reactions? >> -- in that way, like he starts off by going off on abortion. i i thought part of the reason could be he was talking about the evil empire he's directly setting up a scenario in which he's not saving lives. and so i feel like the way he put abortion into the conversation made it so that he's appealing to this religious group by saying, oh yeah, you have to save the unborn child. and

i do remember my dad allowing me too come to the inauguration of ronald reagan and going to some of the great events that surround any inaugural. i have very fond memories of that. i've never come to the house floor to watch my dad being sworn in. that's kind of an amazing thing. now they have him come to the house floor to watch may be sworn in. i have very, very fond memories both of going to albany and when he is in the new york assembly in albany of the state university of new york in albany and would meet him for lunch. find every opportunity i could to go down there and watch a debate. often time he lived with two other members of the assembly hood but my roommate and myself to dinner coffee or eating college food that is a big treat. but we are cleaning up we listen to them calculate the debate they're going to have the next day, sitting by the fire engaging in what the topic was going to be the next day and the roles they were going to play it just left an impression. >> you have a favorite memory of your dad serving? >> there are so many great memories. my father is exotic he d

it there's another theory, remember they made the switch, ronald reagan a lot of people believe that jim baker was still chief of staff instead of ronald reagan. >> well that is another possibility and i don't know why he would want to be chief of staff so that. i know nancy did not like it. >> will i think her judgment was pretty correct printed. >> while he would say things like will not here into leaders or whatever countries, it would be right in the middle. but we always well she always like ronald ragan for some reason he doublecrossed us on the budget and i remember i think i told you this before that he came up with an exit with was champagne and chocolates and all of the stuff into the office. >> what was your first impression of bill clinton in the white house printed because a stories about you going down there more the story says that about the donuts. it. >> as first meeting coming in donuts at his place. it's always the donuts. the next meeting we had donuts in every meeting after that we had donuts grade at fatty very charming guy. i helped him out on nafta which i'm n

i do remember my dad allowing me to come to the inauguration of ronald reagan and going to some of the great events that surround any inaugural. i have fond memories of that. i remember coming to the house floor watching my dad be sworn in which was kind of an amazing thing. years later to have him come to the house floor to watch me be sworn in. i have fond memories both in going to albany. when my father was in the state senate, i went to school in albany and would meet him for lunch and would go down there and watch a debate. oftentimes, he lived with two other members of the assembly, and he would invite my roommate and myself to dinner. and while we were cleaning up, we would listen to them calculate the debate they were going to have the next day, sitting by the fire, but engaging in what the topic was going to be the next day and the roles that they were going to play, you know, it just left an impression. >> do you have a favorite memory of your dad serving in the u.s. house? >> there's so many great memories. my father is very -- he never -- he does not see walls. he just knoc

i do remember my dad allowing me to come to the inauguration of ronald reagan and going to some of the great events that surround any inaugural, so i have some very fond memories of that. i remember coming to the house floor to watch my dad be sworn in, which was kind of an amazing thing. years later to have him come to the house floor and watch me be sworn in. yes, i have very, very fond memories, both of going to albany, not that i was a daughter that needed to be torn away from my father, but when he was in the new york state assembly in albany, i went to the new york state and albany, and often he would invite me and my roommate to dinner, which if you were eating college food, that was a big treat. we would watch him calculate the debate they would have the next day, sitting next to the fire, drinking sambuca or something, and looking at the roles they were going to play. it just left an impression. >> do you have a favorite memory of your dad serving in the u.s. house? >> there's so many great memories. my dad is very quitoxic in that he does not see walls. i just knocks them dow

if ronald reagan. lot of people who believe if jim baker was still chief of staff instead of ronald reagan. the iran con ra never happened. >> oh, that's a possibility. -- >> he was always kind of leaning over the president like i'm right here. two leaders of the -- whatever countries, he's right in the middle. but, you know, we always got -- sheila always liked don regan for some reason. and he double crossed us on the budget. i think i told you this before. came up the next day with champagne and chocolates and all this stuff. >> what was your first impression of bill clinton in the white house? because these stories about you going down there and one of the stories is what? about the doughnuts? or. >> yeah. first meeting. you don't even have doughnuts in this place. always doughnuts republican. next meeting we had doughnuts. had'em every meeting after that. i thought he was a very charming guy. and i helped him out on nafta. which i'm not sure i look back on it and they were supposed to help me out

eastern on the presidency, the ronald reagan presidential library and museum marks its 30th anniversary. speakers include the former secretary of state condoleeza rice, archivist of the united states, and next year marks the 200th anniversary of the birth of the land scape architect most famous for his work on new york city's central park. saturday at 2:15 p.m. eastern coverage at a conference that looks at his legacy including his designs for college campuses such as stanford. watch american history tv saturdays on c-span 2 and find a full schedule on your program guide or watch online any time at c-span.org/history. >> c-span offers a variety of podcasts that has something for every listener. and every week booknotes plus has in-depth administer views with writers about their latest works while the weekly uses audio from our immense archives to look at how issues of the day developed over years, and our occasional series talking with features extensive conversations about their lives and work. you can find them all on the c-span now mobile app or wherever you get your podcasts. >> wel

eastern on the presidency, the ronald reagan museum marks its 30th anniversary. speakers include former secretary of state condoleezza rice, david ferio and peter robinson. next year marks the 200th anniversary of frederick law olmsted, coverage of a conference that looks at his legacy, including his designs for college campuses such as stanford. explore the american story. watch american history tv saturdays on c-span2. get a full schedule program guide or watch any time at c-span/history. >>> hi there, welcome to virtual events series. it's hard to believe, but we're at 50 years this year, so we have some great authors to share some time with us. tonight we have giles milton, who is

., the ronald reagan presidential library and museum marks its 30th anniversary. saturday at 3:15 p.m. eastern, coverage of a conference that looks at his legacy including his designs for college campuses such as stanford. exploring the american story. watch american history tv on cspan2. >>> the recent historical part civil war symposium continues now on american history tv. >> it's my distinct honor to introduce dr. peter carmichael. he received his phd from penn state university. he went on the teach at western carolina. the author and editor of several books. his most recent work, the war for the common soldier" was published. his previous books include "the last generation," "young virginians" and "lee's young artillerist". he speaks frequently to general and scholarly audiences. every june he directs the civil war conference. i've attended in 2018 and 2019 and they were wonderful events. make a plan to attend this summer's event. dr. carmichael is a friend of public history. as a college student he worked at in the national park service. it places more than

., the ronald reagan presidential library and museum marks its 30th anniversary. saturday at 3:15 p.m. eastern, coverage of a conference that looks at his legacy including his designs for college campuses such as stanford. exploring the american story. watch american

because after all all of that was corrected ronald reagan said. the navy and a wartime did not want to recognize doris miller. they were not of said his name have not been for the activism in the national association for the advancement of colored people the naacp. he posed a dilemma he was proven wrong the reasons behind segregation but at the same time the navy did not aid in alienating black americans have they been they had ignored him completely. they did not want to make significant changes either. so they get a medal. and they sent him on a speaking tour at the end of 1942 he went around to selling war bonds. and here he is in a rather unglamorous surroundings of the great lakes naval academy speaking to an audience that appears on intercity look at the fellows in the corner. nonetheless he did it and this was of course good propaganda. there were also commercial exploitations of miller which i shall come to in a moment. this is an example of the continued spoken about what miller had done. people understood that this was a pamphlet from th

ronald reagan, speaking in 1975, in north carolina. they said, there was great segregation, and world war ii. this was corrected during the conflict. doris, he said, cradled a machine gun, in his arms, which is an interesting image. and, all of that was changed. instant progress in the reagan fantasy of pearl harbor. in the movie, the 2001 movie, as doris gets as a metal, is the last we see of him in the story. a white nurse, played by kate beckoned sale, says the nation surged forward after the heroism from doris. a war that changed america. doris, the first black american to win an award in the navy class, but not the last. he joined a brotherhood of heroes. for the rest of the film, there is been affleck, and josh partner, and i can't remember, but it's the white heroes to get the rest of the film, and boris disappears with his metal, never to be heard from, ever again. i'm not saying, for a second, with doris miller did is because it doesn't. what i am saying, is the story of the man, the machine gun, and the metal, as a bridge is

eastern on the presidency, the ronald reagan presidential library and museum marks its 30th anniversary. speakers include former secretary of state condoleezza rice, archivist of the united states david fario, and next year marks the 200th birth of frederick homestead. saturday at 3:15 eastern, coverage of a conference, including his designs for college campuses, such as stanford. that's american history tv saturdays on c-span2, and find a full schedule of your program guide or watch online at any time at c-span.org/history. >>> starting now, on american history tv, it's the international conference on world war ii, hosted by the national world war ii museum in new orleans. today, you'll see several programs about the attack on pearl harbor. first up, a discussion on the lead-up to the bombing of pearl harbor from the american perspective. >> we're going to ask our first panel to take the stage. and i can talk about them briefly as they come on up. so we're excited this panel because we get to feature two of our own from the museum here. the chair will be dr. adam givens. he's the defen

eastern on the presidency, ronald reagan library and museum. archivist of the united states, and former reagan speech writer, peter robinson, two year anniversary of holmstead most famous for his work on u.s. central park. a look at his legacy, including designs for college campuses such as stanford. exploring the american story, c-span2 on saturday, watch anytime at cspan.org/history. >> next from the recent international conference on world war ii a discussion to the lead-up of the bombing on pearl harbor from the japanese perspective. >> we just heard from rob and rich on essentially the american perspective on pearl harbor. there's always that what-if, what if we had done this, and certainly, those are great conversation pieces but capture some of those because those of you who peaked ahead, our last panel today, is going to look at this kind of counter-factual piece and that's the kind of what-ifs, these other scenarios that unfolded so save a bunch of those as well. we don't want to have the las

ronald reagan speaking in 1975 in north carolina said that there was great segregation in world war ii, but this was corrected during the conflict. doris, he said, cradled a machine gun in his arms, which is an interesting image. and all that was changed. instant progress in the reagan fantasy of pearl harbor. in the movie, the 2001 movie, as doris gets his medal, that's the last we see of him in the story. a white nurse played by kate beckinsale, and the world surged forward. doris was the first black american to be awarded the navy cross, but he would not be the last. he joined a brotherhood of heroes. unfortunately the rest of the film takes us on a trip with ben affleck and josh harbor -- maybe not ben affleck, i can't remember, but it's the white heroes who celebrate in the rest. what i am saying is the story of the mess man, the machine gun and the medal abridges, sanitizes, makes much more palatable history. doris need not go back below decks and die on the lipscomb bay in 1943. his mother henrietta need not live out her days in treatment her family received after her son's hero

reagan. but at the heart of this was the senses a moralism outside new traditions outside as jimmy carter might have put it in during american values. the unfortunate outcome as i think many moderate analysts of nixon's presidency might say is the throw into deep disrepute any reasonable sense of limits and interests might have served the united states well at many points across american history. the real tragedy to put it differently of the hate surrounding nixon may be the sheer difficult sense of resurrecting fundamentally sound policy ideas that sat at core of nixon's presidency. so encrusted those ideas have become and the reputation of the 22nd president. i'll stop there there and turn it back to you. needless to say we never have as much time for discussion as we want. going to start us out with what i call a semi- speed around. feel free to answer if you think it's pertinent after that i've got a couple present questions for speed around. this first section is a volunteer if you will.

reagan. but at the heart of this lay this sense that nixon's amoralism lay outside of american political traditions, outside, as jimmy carter might have put it, the enduring american values. the unfortunate outcome, as i think many moderate analysts of nixon's presidency might say, was to throw into very deep disrepute any reasoned sense of national limits and interests that might have served the united states well at many points across american history. but especially during the era since 1945. the real tragedy, to put it differently, of the hate surrounding nixon may be the sheer difficulty ever since of resurrecting fundamentally sound policy ideas that sat at the core of nixon's presidency, so encrusted have those ideas become in the reputation of the 37th president. so i will stop there, jeff, and turn it back over you to. >> thank you, mark, always fascinating. needless to say we never have as much time for discussion as we want so i'm going to start us out with what i call a semi speed

so, you know, ronald reagan is credited with muscular foreign policy for good reason, and yet this book reminds us, panama, northern iraq, kuwait, somalia, bush 41 was not afraid to use military force when he believed the cause was just and in line with sort of the international framework that he believed would give it the credibility and the authority. so yes, these humanitarian leadership, but he was no sort of shrinking violet when it came to muscular diplomacy and foreign policy when necessary. >> he had the military more than any other president, particularly in a four-year period. i'm sorry, andy. >> but he came at those challenges with empathy, because he had been in the war, so the last president to be in world war ii, and a hero, all that kind of stuff. so he also practiced remarkable restraint. when we helped to liberate kuwait, he did not fall to the seduction of going all the way to baghdad. and he built a coalition. he worked with the rest of the world to kind of keep saddam hussein under wraps. and i think that was tremendous restraint. and what he did in panama was really

ronald reagan covered california. one of the most strongest pro-choice legislation to the country. george h. w. bush, the first bush strongly pro-choice. and the candidate is the same. by the 1980s some people that will become passionately a postabortion, what happened in awakening? , something very simple. chief republican strategist they recognize that they pretend, i stress pretend, to be antiabortion they pick up the evangelical, huge that to the united states. and furthermore it can be a cover for racism. a lot of this started because southern racist, when schools had to be opened up they started segregating religious groups with government funding. the court stepped in and said that's in violation of the law. here is a way to get your segregated racist schools without further leading the law. schools that took christian values like abortion. we are not racist. except we are of course. the change from the 70s to the 80s. one aspect of the liberal program. an essential aspect. if you are going to get people to accept to a liberal assault, you have to shift attention away from e

was it ronald reagan in the new hampshire debate in 1980? some of you are too young to remember this. they decided not to have him speak or something. he said, i paid for this and i will speak. i paid for this photographer here. i paid and we are going to get some photos. ok. we will do that later. thank you. when mike was speaking, i was thinking that, you can take mike off of the commission but you can't take the commissioner off of him. that was good. you should get someone to post that on the fcc website. [laughter] ok. you mentioned david ricardo and the theory of comparative advantage. you have me right there, as you know. ok. next, it's my pleasure to introduce deborah lay said. deborah, to be frank with you, she has not spoken at as many foundation events as the commissioners. she has spoken previously and she's been a longtime friend and someone that i've admired for a long time as well. i thought it was important to have her here today because she has a perspective going back quite far. with her permission, i will give you just bri

i think, was it ronald reagan in the new hampshire debate in 1980 -- i know some of you are too young to remember this -- were they decided not to have him speak or something. and he said i pay for this mic and i'm going to speak. well, i paid for this photographer here -- [laughs] i paid and we're going to get some photos. okay, well, mike -- we'll do that later. mike, thank you. when mike was speaking i was thinking that you can take mike off the commission, that you can't take the commissioner out of mike. i mean, that was good. you should get someone to post that on the fcc's website, i think. [laughs] and when you mentioned david ricardo and the comparative theory -- the theory of comparative advantage, you had me right there, as you know. next, it's my pleasure to introduce deborah lathen. deborah, to be frank with you, she is has not spoken at as many free state foundation events as the commissioners. but she has spoken previously and she has been a long time friend and someone that i've admired for a long time as well. i thought it was important to have her here today, because

ronald reagan had a different view. he said if we invested in our military, if we marshaled the power of our economy to defend freedom and strengthen the arsenal of democracy, the soviet union would collapse. ronald reagan essentially set into motion and american posture that ended the cold war. we won it and the soviet union is on the ash heap of history. i think standing up to soviet communism and calling it out as the evil empire as you did was a contribution that will be remembered for the ages. i could not be more proud under our administration. we changed the national consensus on china. people know that the communist chinese party represses its own people, subjugates minorities, particularly muslim and christian. it's a precious -- it suppresses free speech and engages in the action that interns of -- in terms of intellectual property theft and abuses, america has looked the other way on. we took a strong stand against china. the current administration has not changed that posture. president trump knew what he wa

we had 14 companies to build fighter aircraft and ronald reagan was president and the dod's overhead, quick look at the amount of money in the defense and from 7% of the budget, they say 20% if you add in the part buried in the air force budget, it's more like 30%. it's probably more rapidly than the actual budget military departments where the war fighters are. we have a massive overhead, huge cost for the major weapons. he was correct 20 years ago and said the cost of these weapons were to be such that we can only afford one of each and that's where we are now when you look at some of the costs of these rooms, same thing with sustainability. the time magazine complaining about runaway costs of these major weapons and now we are paying the price so all of these problems people need to understand congress needs to understand people are going to have to bite the bullet because these are so at first, we don't have a lot of time to turn it around. it's educating and informing and frankly, the people who come to work in the pentagon every day, the civilians, military, card reserve and con

we had 14 companies that could build aircraft and when ronald reagan was president. now we barely have to. so we've got in the d.o.d.'s overhead, when you look at the amount that goes to the defense, spending and install from 7% to the budget, they say 20% but if you add in the part that is buried in the air force budget it's more like 30%. it's grown more rapidly than the actual budget of the military departments for all the world powers. our so we have this massive overhead. we have these huge costs for that major weapons. norm augustine was correct when he work or zola 20 years ago. he said look, the cost of these weapons are going to be such that we can afford one of each. and that's kind of where we are now when you look at some of the cost of these major weapons systems. same thing with sustainability. chuck spinny got on the front page of the new york -- the time magazine complaining about the runaway costs of these major weapons. now we're paying that price. so, all of these problems people need to understand and congress needs to understand them. and people

ronald reagan had a different view. he said that if we invested in our military, if we essentially martial the power of our economy to defend freedom and strengthen the arsenal of democracy, that the soviet union would collapse. while it would happen a few years after he left office, ronald reagan essentially set into motion an american posture that ended the cold war. we won it and the soviet union is on the ash heap of history. i think that standing up to soviet communism, calling out the soviet union as the evil empire, as he did, was a contribution that will be remembered for the ages. i think it also echoes a bit for our time now. i couldn't be more proud that under our administration we change the national consensus on china. people now know that the chinese communist party repressors its own people, subjugate minority populations, particularly muslim uyghurs and christians. and engages in the kind of action that in terms of intellectual property, theft and trade abuses, that america had looked the other way on. w

to be ronald reagan's chief of staff. an ambassador to japan under george h.w. bush. and, baker had a thing that said, always remember that the other fellow might be right. he was from a little country town north of knoxville. that was his way of saying, i will work my hardest to remember i need to walk into it with the realization that i may not have this exactly right. particularly within our own team and staff was, okay, that is where we are. that will be the administration's position. i learned real quickly that did not get us to the best answer. realizing i may not always be right is moving my chair from the head of the table when we had our senior staff meeting to the middle of the table. so that i could make certain that my voice did not cut off the discussion. if our answer was the answer i walked in the door with, it would not be as good as all of us could walk out of the door with. >> that is true. >> you have a couple of sections in your book here. some on anxiety. some on humility. you know, we know that anxiety and pride have a negative impact in our pers

to be ronald reagan's chief of staff. an ambassador to japan under george h.w. bush. and, baker had a thing that said, always remember that the other fellow might be right. he was from a little country town north of knoxville. that was his way of saying, i will work my hardest to remember i need to walk into it with the realization that i may not have this exactly right. particularly within our own team and staff was, okay, that is where we are. that will be the administration's position. i learned real quickly that did not get us to the best answer. realizing i may not always be right is moving my chair from the head of the table when we had our senior staff meeting to the middle of the table. so that i could make certain that my voice did not cut off the discussion. if our answer was the answer i walked in the door with, it would not be as good as all of us could walk out of the door with. >> that is true. >> you have a couple of sections in your book here. some on anxiety. some on humility. you know, we know that anxiety and pride have a negative impact in our pers